Capital

Capital infrastructure is what enables businesses to form, grow, and transact at scale. In the co-creation economy, this means banking, capital facilitation, and exchange systems that are open, transparent, and accessible to all participants — not just the large incumbents.

Banking

A BankFac makes it easy to deposit and withdraw value. It includes banks and non-banking financial institutions that run a ledger for their clients — recording credit and debit of value as it moves through the system.

Payments

The most fundamental banking function is payments — moving value from one point to another. Payment processors and gateways, issuing banks and merchant banks all serve this function.

Currency

Any unit with agreed properties of store of value and medium of exchange can serve as currency. Beyond fiat, this now includes crypto and programmable tokens — giving market networks the ability to create and manage their own value units.

Capital Facilitation

A CapFac helps match businesses that need money with investors who want returns. Just as a ComFac facilitates commerce, a CapFac facilitates capital across the spectrum from community crowdfunding to venture financing.

Venture

Venture financing is capital for high-risk, high-reward opportunities. VCs act as CapFacs for early-stage innovation — providing not just money but networks, expertise, and market access.

Community Capital

A brand's own community — employees, vendors, partners, customers — is an underutilised capital source. Crowdfunding and network-based investing let communities act as their own CapFac, aligning financial interest with participation.

Data as Capital

All capital decisions depend on data and intelligence. In this sense, data is not just a proxy for money — it is itself the CapFac, driving the algorithms that decide where capital flows.

Exchange

Markets require exchange infrastructure: mechanisms for swapping assets, pricing risk, and enabling discovery between buyers and sellers of capital.

From Barter to Derivatives

Exchanges support everything from direct barter to commodity contracts to complex derivatives — bets on future conditions expressed as tradeable digital tokens.

Stock Markets

Shares represent fractional ownership of a business. Public stock markets allow continuous price discovery as buyers and sellers trade expectations about future earnings.

M&A

Mergers and acquisitions — buying all outstanding shares of a business — are the ultimate exchange function, consolidating ownership and redirecting capital toward higher-value use.